first list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
second list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
third list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
fourth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
fifth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
sixth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
seventh list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
eighth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
ninth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
tenth list → object | (setf (list object) new-object)
list—a list, which might be a dotted list or a circular list.
object, new-object—an object.
The functions
first,
second,
third,
fourth,
fifth,
sixth,
seventh,
eighth,
ninth,
and
tenth
access the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth,
ninth, and tenth elements of list, respectively.
Specifically,
(first list) ≡ (car list) (second list) ≡ (car (cdr list)) (third list) ≡ (car (cddr list)) (fourth list) ≡ (car (cdddr list)) (fifth list) ≡ (car (cddddr list)) (sixth list) ≡ (car (cdr (cddddr list))) (seventh list) ≡ (car (cddr (cddddr list))) (eighth list) ≡ (car (cdddr (cddddr list))) (ninth list) ≡ (car (cddddr (cddddr list))) (tenth list) ≡ (car (cdr (cddddr (cddddr list))))
setf can also be used with any of these functions to change an
existing component. The same equivalences apply. For example:
(setf (fifth list) new-object) ≡ (setf (car (cddddr list)) new-object)
(setq lst '(1 2 3 (4 5 6) ((V)) vi 7 8 9 10)) → (1 2 3 (4 5 6) ((V)) VI 7 8 9 10) (first lst) → 1 (tenth lst) → 10 (fifth lst) → ((V)) (second (fourth lst)) → 5 (sixth '(1 2 3)) → NIL (setf (fourth lst) "four") → "four" lst → (1 2 3 "four" ((V)) VI 7 8 9 10)
first is functionally equivalent to car,
second is functionally equivalent to cadr,
third is functionally equivalent to caddr, and
fourth is functionally equivalent to cadddr.
The ordinal numbering used here is one-origin,
as opposed to the zero-origin numbering used by nth:
(fifth x) ≡ (nth 4 x)